JP1000 Lecture 5

NO: Pro-form 'one', 'ones'

        takai no                 'expensive one'
        atarashii no             'new one'
        watashi no               'mine'

Particle NO: Noun modification: N₁ + no + N₂/ N₁ + Prt + no + N₂

     Possessive: watashi/anata/ano hito/Nakano-san/daigaku + no + N

     Referential:  ko/so/a/do + no + N

     Appositive:  [status]   +  no  +   N
                  Nihonjin          tomodachi
                  isha              Doi-sensee

     Others:   Ginza no mise
                    hikooki no kippu
                    terebi no nyuusu
                    Nihon kara no fune
                    Yooroppa e no ryokoo

     [N.B.]   kodomo no hon : ambiguous
          Tookyoo no daigaku vs. Tookyoo-daigaku
          N1 + no + N2 + no + N3: kono Nihongo no jisho
          no + no ---> no: watashi + no + no ---> watashi no
              'one'                                 'mine'

Quantifiers

  Numerals: Japanese series [for general counting and age]

       1: hito-tsu    2: futa-tsu  3: mit-tsu  4: yot-tsu     5: itsu-tsu
       6: mut-tsu     7: nana-tsu  8: yat-tsu  9: kokono-tsu 10: too                
             [after this same as the Chinese series]
      

   Numeral + Counter/Classifier:

     -ri/-nin [person]             hito-ri/futa-ri/san-nin/yo-nin ...

     -mai     [paper, record, ...] ichi-mai/ni-mai/san-mai/yo(n)-mai ...
   
     -dai     [car, train, ...]    ichi-dai/ni-dai/san-dai/yo(n)-dai ...

     -satsu   [book]           	   is-satsu/ni-satsu/san-satsu/yon-satsu/.../
				   has-satsu/kyuu-satsu/jus-satsu ...

     -hon/-pon/-bon [pencil, bottle, ...] 
                               ip-pon/ni-hon/san-bon/yon-hon/go-hon/rop-
                               pon/nana-hon/hap-pon/kyuu-hon/jup-pon/ ni-juu-
                               go-hon ...
       
     -hai/-pai/-bai [cupful]   ip-pai/ni-hai/san-bai/yon-hai/go-hai/rop-pai/
			       nana-hai/hap-pai/kyuu-hai/jup-pai...


       how many:  nan |  nin
                      |  mai
                      |  dai
                      |  satsu
                      |  bon
                      |  bai

   [N.B.] Numeral + Counter: adverbial function same as sukoshi, takusan, 
	zenbu, motto, ... (no particle attached/modify verbals)

              Kinoo hon o issatsu kaimashita.
              ?Kinoo issatsu no hon o kaimashita.

              Biiru o nanbon nomimashita ka.
              *Roppon o nomimashita.  ---> Roppon nomimashita.

              Rekoodo o nimai to boorupen o roppon kaimashita.

          For items which do not have any specific counter, the Japanese 
	  series is used from one to ten and the Chinese series after that.

          Ikutsu is used for question.

              Isu ga ikutsu arimasu ka.    Yottsu arimasu.
              (O)ikutsu desu ka.           Ni-juu-ichi desu.
              "How old are you?"           "I'm 21."

Particle DAKE vs. SHIKA + NEG: 'only'

       Nihongo wa sukoshi dake wakarimasu.
       Nihongo wa sukoshi shika wakarimasen. [humble:politeness]

Adverbials MOO vs. MOTTO: 'more'

       Motto  kudasai/nomimashita/omoshiroi hon
       Moo    ichidai/sukoshi/ichido/ippai

Demonstrative: ko/so/a/do + nna

	konna rajikase
	sonna hanashi
	anna seetaa
	donna hito

Existential sentences [to be expanded later]:

        X ga arimasu/gozaimasu
        X wa arimasen/gozaimasen [cf. X de wa/ja arimasen/gozaimasen]

        Sushi ga arimasu/gozaimasu.
        Tenpura wa arimasen/gozaimasen.

        [cf.] Kore wa sashimi de wa/ja arimasen.

TE-Form [to be expanded later]:

        Vte +  kudasai
        Kaite  kudasai.
        Yonde  kudasai.

Ellipsis:

        Politeness
        Indirectness
        Hesitation
        Informal style [particle omission]

N₁ + MO + N₂ + MO (ref. Lesson 4)

	Eego mo Doitsugo mo hanashimasu.
	Terebi mo bideo mo arimasen.
	Sasaki-san mo Yuuki-san mo ikimashita.